KRAG MACHINECANCELS



About 1905 the Krag Maskin Fabrik in Oslo constructed a cancellation-machine. `With this machine it was possible to cancel 600 items in 1 minute.The letters and cards moved along the cancellation-cylinder.
The circumference of this rotating printing cylinder was 157 mm, with an outside-ring divided in four parts: two cancellations and two frames ('flags') (lines, etc.). The distance between two similar points of the postmark is thus always 157/2 = about 78 mm.
An rotating inkt-cylinder provided a constant inkting
After the introduction in Russia (1906?) the machine were used in the great cities (1907-1908).All cancellations were double-ring postmarks.
The first macines were placed in St. Petersburg and Helsingfors (Helsinki). The oldest (?) known postmark is 20-7-1906 Helsingfors.
The KRAG-machines were placed in: St. Petersburg, Moscow, Riga, Odessa, Kiev, Lodz, Yuriew (Dorpat or Tartu), Revel (Tallinn), Samara, Saratov, Perm, Kazan, Tver, Itkutsk, Rostov, Vyaka, Kharkov, Jekaterinenburg and some places in Finland, then part of the Russian empire. In Finland: Helsingfors (Helsinki), Viborg (Viipuri), Abo (Turku) and Tammerfors (Tampere).

HELSINGFORS / HELSINKI

Original print size of this image: 14,207 x 9,280 cm (is something more as the postal item)
This picture and all pictures below on this page, if not mentioned otherwise: scanned about 300 dpi. Then set right and cut out - noted the actual print size-, resized 25 % of this image and saved as jpg.
The postmark, resized 50 %:

All Finnish KRAG-postmarks are trilingual. Here we see the cyrillic indication ГЕЛЬСИНГФОРСЪ (GELSINGFORS) , a transscription HELSINGFORS and the Finnish name HELSINKI. This postmark - with eight straight lines- is according ivo Steijn used from 20-7-1906 up to 26-6-1918. After this date the cyrillic indication is removed. Also a postmark exist with four wavy lines
When the postmark is used as depart-postmark always you see the flags: the postage stamps must be touched. When used as arrival-stamp (almost) always there is no flaf used in the postmark. When used as transit-postmark the postmark appears with and without flag.

Literature:
  • De machinestempels van Finland (Russische periode) / René Hillesum, Ivo Steijn. - [The machinepostmarks of Finland (Russian period). - written in the Dutch language]. - In: Oost europa Filatelie 1986 ; nr. 4. - p. 10-14




  • KIEW
    The postmark has eught straight lines, serial 'a'.
    The -by Ivo Steijn- reported dates: 3-5-1908 up to 13-11-1921.
    My own items: 23-6-1908, 10-10-1908, and 17-3-1913.
    Another type exists: with serial 'b'.

    Original print size of this image: 14,563 x 11,388 cm (is something more as the postal item)

    On the backside (resized 50 %):


    A machine-cancel of МОСКВА (MOSKVA), Moscow.
    In this city more KRAG-machines were placed. In the postmark we read also ЗКСПЕД. ГОР. ПОЧТ. (ZKSPED. GOR. POCHT.), Moskva expeditsiya gorodskoy pochti, 5th expeditsiya.
    This postmark has 8 straight lines, but the book of Kiryushkin and Robinson shows also a postmark of this office with four straight lines (24.III.1914), six straight lines (27.X.1915) and five wavy lines (27 10 16). With another type date stamp there are also used eight close-spaced straight lines (20 X.1912) and eight wide-spaced straight lines (11 7 16.)

    Original print size of this image: 14,131 x 8,975 cm (is something more as the postal item)

    The postmark 50 %.
    Reported dates:
    *26.V.1907(here)
    *1.1.1911 (Kiryushkin)


    The book of Kiryushkin and Robinson reports also machine postmarks of:
    *9th town sub-office (29 X 1914)
    *34th town su-office, serial 'a' (7 1 16)

    The first machine-cancels of ОДЕССА (ODESSA) were cancels with eight straight lines. These postmarks with straight lines are in Odessa used very short and so very rare. There are two types: serial 'a' and serial 'b'.
    The card here is serial 'a' , 12-10-1908.
    Ivo Steyn mentioned also some dates of use and so we have:
  • serial 'a' with eight straight lines: 2-10-1908 and 12-10-1908 (the card here)
  • serial 'b' with eight straight lines: 10-9-1908 up to 5-1-1908


  • Original print size of this image: 14,385 x 9,254 cm (is something more as the postal item)

    The postmark, resized 50 %

    Here we see another machine-cancel of ОДЕССА (ODESSA).
    The machines with a flag of straight lines get a problem: the straight lines caused indentations of the inking roller. Then can some lines not (good) set on the postal item.
    Other types of flags are intended to solve this problem. In Odessa the authorities decided to change the postmarks to six broken waves. Of these postmarks we have also two types: serial 'a' and serial 'b'.
    Here we see the machine-postmark with the six broken waves with serial 'a', 16-11-1913.

    Original print size of this image: 14,156 x 9,187 cm (is something more as the postal item)


    Resized 50%:



    On the backside is -written in German- asking for a catalog:



    Original print size of this image: 14,182 x 9,153 cm (is something more as the postal item)
    The postmark, resized 50 % . Also serial 'a' with date 6-11-1913


    Original print size of this image: 14,156 x 9,203 cm (is something more as the postal item)
    The postmark, resized 50 %, serial 'a' , 4-5-1914.

    The postmark, resized 50 %, seral 'a' , 4-5-1914.

    Dates of use according Ivo Steijn with my addition:
  • serial 'a' with six broken waves: 12-5-1909 up to 4-5-1914
  • serial 'b' with six broken waves: 19-10-1909 up to 19-9 1918

  • The postmarks with serial 'a': after the datestamp the waves go first up.


    The postmarks with serial 'b': after the date stamp the waves seems to go first down. The datestamp is set upside down and so directed to outside.


    The picture on the other side of the card: the harbour of Odessa. I am philatelist, but this is also a good reason to collect these cards.


    Literature:
  • Odessa : van twee naar vier machinestempels / Ivo Steyn. - [Odessa : from two to four machinecancels. - written in the Dutch language]. - In: Oost Europa Filatelie 1986 ; nr. 4. - p. 7-9



  • SARATOW

    Original print size of this image: 14,232 x 9,279 cm (is something more as the postal item)

    This postmark - with a flag of eight straight lines- has a date-stamp, double circle, 27 - 17 mm. This type is used 6-2-1912 up to 22-10-1917 (reported by Ivo Steijn, with my addition). Serial 'a'.
    Another type also exists: double circle 27 19 mm.

    The postmark САРАТОВЪ (SARATOV), resized 50 %:

    The text of the card: the sender is asking to sent a catalog to Saratov.


    Here another postmark of Saratov, but a very unclear.
    Original print size of this image: 14,182 x 9,178 cm (is something more as the postal item)




    St. PETERSBURG

    Original print size of this image: 13,521 x 8,949 cm (is something more as the postal item)

    The postmark, resized 50 %:

    Another postmark of St.Petersburg, now with broken waves instead of the straight lines, hoping to solve the problem with the indentations of the inking roller.

    Original print size of this image: 14,283 x 9,559 cm (is something more as the postal item)

    The postmark, date 18 XI 1908, resized 50 %



    Also in the postmark the name is changed in Petrograd.


    Original print size of this image: 14,385 x 9,406 cm (is something more as the postal item)


    The other side of the card:




    The postmark, resized 50 %.




    The KRAG-postmark of ТАММЕРФОРСЪ (TAMMERFORS), in finnish Tampere

    Original print size of this image: 14,131 x 9,203 cm (is something more as the postal item)

    The postmark, resized 50 %.
    In the postmark the cyrillic indication, but also the transcription in latin characters and the Finnish name Tampere. Trilingual.




    TURKU

    This Finnish place has a postmark with eight straight lines. The dates reported by Ivo Steijn: 1-12-1909 up to 11-6-1918.
    The KRAG-machine is also used without flag for arrival-postmarks.
    There are also subtypes:
  • Cyrillic and Swedish indication (or transcription of Cyrillic) removed
  • With ABO in the postmark again repaired


  • Original print size of this image: 14,131 x 9,508 cm (is something more as the postal item)

    The postmark, date 27 VI 1910, trilingual, resized 50 %.
    TURKO, the Cyrillic АБО (ABO), and ABO (transcription or Swedisch)




    VIBORG / WIIPURI

    The KRAG-machine is in Wiipuri - now in Finland- also used for censor-postmarks. This type with the characters Д. Ц. (D. Ts.) is used in Wiipuri in two subtypes, according Ivo Steijn:
  • eight straight lines, characters about 17 mm heigh, used 3-3-1915 up to 13-7-1915 in red and 21-4-1915 up to 1-10-1915 in black
  • eight straight lines, characters about 18 mm heigh, used in black 27-8-1915 up to 14-3-1916


  • This letter is sent via (?) Revel to the 'Army in the field',
    2th Infantry Reserve Batallion,
    2th Compagnie.
    Rank is something with volunteer.

    Original print size of this image: 14,055 x 9,254 cm (is something more as the postal item)



    The postmark, resized 50 %. In this postmark the characters are 17 mm.

    Literature:
  • De Censuur - machinestempels van Finland 1915 - 1917 / René Hillesum, Ivo Steijn. - [The censor - machinepostmarks of Finland 1915 - 1917. - written in the Dutch language]. - In: Oost europa Filatelie 1986 ; nr. 4. - p. 15-17



  • KRAG-machinecancels of Riga

    KRAG-cancel of Revel (Tallinn)

    KRAG-cancel of Yurjew (Tartu)



    Literature:
  • Russian postmarks : an introduction and guide / A.V. Kiryushkin and P.E. Robinson
    [S.l.] : J. Barefoot, cop. 1989. - 110 p.- chapter 5: Macine postmarks. - p. 52-53
  • Riga : die Postgeschichte bis 1919 / V. Marcilger. - Zweite Aufl. - Heide : Paul v. Sengbusch Verlag, 1987.
    Kap. 12 (1-28): Die Maschinenstempel von Riga.[About: macine postmarks]
  • De machinestempels van Riga : een chaos! / Ivo Steyn
    In: Oost Europa Filatelie 1986 ; nr. 4. - p. 18-24
    Addenda & errata: OEF 1987 ; nr. 1.
  • De 'KRAG' machinestempels van Rusland / Ivo Steyn
    In: Oost Europa Filatelie1986 ; nr. 4. - p. 1-6
  • The 'KRAG' macine cancellations of Imperial Russia / Ivo Steyn. - In: Pochta 3 1987 (?). - p. 19-29




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